Gold: Macedonian control and allied rulers, expanding at campaign arrivals. Purple: Persian control initially; later, resistance and local rulers in former Persian lands. Armenia and Cappadocia turn gold as a schematic claim of Macedonian sovereignty, not complete military occupation. Armenia was not effectively subdued; control in northern Anatolia remained limited. Terracotta: Indian kingdoms and republics, not a unified empire. Regional transfers and boundaries are schematic; entering a province did not instantly subdue every settlement. Areas beyond the Hyphasis remain unconquered. Indian context ↗ · Armenia ↗ · Northern Anatolia ↗
Macedonian kingdom & alliesPersian kingdom Indian kingdoms & republics Alexander Craterus Nearchus⚔ Battle · click to explore Siege · click to explore▷ Opis · watch speech
0 250 500 km
FOLLOW THE EXPEDITION334–323 BCE
The complete journey
334333331329327325324 BCE
DRAG TO ROTATE · SCROLL TO ZOOMReference-map routes · geographic globe